Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Titel -- Impressum -- Inhalt -- Vorwort zur Reihe -- Vorwort des Autors -- Prolog -- I. Der lange Weg zum Kommando über die Donaulegionen -- 1. Jugend und Ausbildung des Septimius Severus -- 2. Die innen- und außenpolitische Lage des Reiches zu Beginn seiner Karriere -- 3. Die frühe Laufbahn des nordafrikanischen Senators -- 4. Der Günstling des Commodus -- II. Die Erringung der Alleinherrschaft (193-197) -- 1. Die Ausgangslage -- 2. Der Marsch auf Rom -- 3. Der Bürgerkrieg gegen Pescennius Niger -- 4. Die Gloriole des siegreichen Kaisers -- 5. Der Kampf mit Clodius Albinus um die Alleinherrschaft -- 6. Die Stunde des Siegers -- III. Auf den Spuren der Kaiser Trajan und Hadrian -- 1. Der Partherfeldzug -- 2. Die Reichsinspektion im Osten -- IV. Die Mühen der Ebene -- 1. Die Herrschaftsfeierlichkeiten in Rom -- 2. Die Rückkehr in die Heimat -- 3. Die Säkularfeier der severischen Herrscherdynastie -- 4. Die Plautianus-Affäre -- V. Die letzte Station der Pflichterfüllung -- Resümee -- Anmerkungen -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Personen- und Ortsregister -- Abbildungsnachweis -- Back Cover.

The Roman Emperor Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.) originated from the North-African town of Lepcis Magna. His reign is seen as a time in which profound changes within Roman society became evident resulting in many provincials achieving important positions in the Roman state. The book examines this development from the perspective of a possible use of the non-Italian home and deities of the Emperor within Imperial iconographics. Important evidence for that are the native deities propagated by the Emperor. The book further discusses the relationship of Severus towards Roman gods and a possible sacralisation of the Emperor which might suggest changing attitudes towards the Emperor. The latter however has to be critically assessed and asked who was responsible for certain images. Was it the Imperial house or were it other groups? Der römische Kaiser Septimius Severus (193-211 n. Chr.) stammte aus dem nordafrikanischen Lepcis Magna. Seine Regierung wird als eine Zeit des Umbruchs charakterisiert, geprägt von einer Veränderung der römischen Gesellschaft, in die nun immer mehr Provinzialen in führende Positionen kamen und eine Verschiebung des Zentrums weg von Rom erfolgte. In dem Buch wird dieser Entwicklung aus der Perspektive der möglichen Instrumentalisierung einer nicht-italischen Heimat des Kaisers in der kaiserlichen Repräsentation nachgegangen. Wichtigstes Zeugnis dafür sind heimatliche Götter, die vom Kaiserhaus propagiert wurden. Außerdem betrachtet das Buch die religionspolitischen Schwerpunktsetzungen des Kaisers und die auf seine Person bezogenen Sakralisierungstendenzen, die auf eine möglicherweise veränderte Auffassung des Kaisertums zurückschließen lassen, wobei insbesondere zu fragen ist, ob dies auf das Kaiserhaus oder andere Gruppen zurückzuführen ist.

The aim of this article is to rescue, as much as possible, the history of the African Roman Emperor Lucius Septimius Severus in order to adequately place him, with his considerable faults and achievements, in the continental record of Africa. Thus, the authors present the reader with a general overview of the life and career of Severus, emphasizing the African character of his experience and that of his companions who worked to secure him the position of Emperor of Rome. They then interrogate the "identity" issues surrounding Severus's history in order to rediscover his place in the history of the Roman Empire.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Glossary of Technical Terms -- Introduction -- Chapter one Rural Settlement and Production in Baetica, C. 50 B.C.–27 B.C -- Chapter two Baetica Pacata -- Chapter three The Julio-Claudian Experience -- Chapter four The Flavian Impact: The Evidence Surveyed -- Chapter five The Flavian Impact: An Analysis -- Chapter six Wealthy Baetici -- Chapter seven The Nature of Economic Growth in Roman Imperial Baetica: A Theoretical Perspective -- Chapter eight Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Rituaalit luovat yhteisöllisyyttä ja muokkaavat identiteettejä; tämä piirre korostuu erityisesti suurten murrosten, kriisien ja muutosten yhteydessä. Septimius Severuksen vuosisataisjuhlat vuonna 204 ovat tästä erinomainen esimerkki. Severus oli kenraali, "ulkopuolinen", Afrikassa syntynyt vallantavoittelija (ja jolla oli vieläpä vaimonaan syyrialainen prinsessa), joka nousi keisariksi ja perusti dynastian voittamalla sisällissodan; kyseinen sisällissota oli ensimmäinen Rooman valtakunnassa yli sataan vuoteen - suuren luokan kriisistä siis oli kyse aikalaistenkin näkökulmasta. Vuosisataisjuhlat vuonna 204 olivat Severukselle keino vakauttaa oma valta-asema ja samalla määritellä yhteisölle, minkälainen tulisi 'oikean' roomalaisen identiteetin olla vallanpitäjien näkökulmasta. Juhlat vahvistivat keisarin valtaa sekä tradition että muutoksen avulla. Toisalta rituaali sidottiin varhaisempiin perinteisiin, erityisesti keisari Augustukseen; toisaalta mukana oli monia uudistuksia, jotka korostivat Severuksen omaa näkemystä roomalaisuudesta, niistä arvoista joiden pohjalle yhteisöllinen identiteetti tuli rakentaa. Uusista arvoista nousee esiin kolme: perhe ja siihen liittyneet roolit, keisarin anteliaisuus (indulgentia) sekä universalismi. Perhe ja sukupuolten 'oikeat' roolit tulivat esiin keisarin sekä syyrialaistaustaisen keisarinna Julia Domnan tehtävissä rituaalin aikana: heidän työnjakonsa ja roolinsa viestittivät yhteisölle, kuinka suuri merkitys sukupuolten ja avieopuolisoiden keskinäisellä harmonialla oli yhteisön onnelle ja menestykselle. Osin edelliseen liittyen Severus esiintyi myös 'anteliaana isänä', joka piti huolen alamaisistaan. Kolmanneksi, keisarin ja hänen perheensä valta nähtiin kaikenkattavana, universaalina, ei varsinaisesti paikkaan (kuten Rooman kaupunkiin) tai edes aikaan sidottuna. ; The celebration of the ludi saeculares in 204 AD was probably the most important single religious (and political) occasion that took place during the reign of Septimius Severus. The festival highlighted the power of the emperor in two ways: through tradition and innovation. In the Severan ludi, traditionalism can be found to some extent in the actual program, which quite closely follows the Augustan example; all the major components are left in place. However, the most powerful way to connect the Severan games to tradition was the erection of the inscription on the Campus Martius, alongside other records of the ludi saeculares. This act indicated that the Severan games had become a link in a chain of hundreds of years, started by Augustus himself. Many themes of the Severan ludi followed the tradition of previous imperial Secular Games. This consisted of the completion of purification rites on behalf of the community, conducted by women during the night time, and sacrifices to the most deities central for the Roman commonwealth in the day-time rituals, and closely followed the Augustan examples. The chorus of children during the last day of the ludi symbolized continuity and the beginning of a new, youthful Golden Age for the empire, as was probably also the case in the previous ludi. However, the novelties in the program are of most interest in the aspect of legitimizing power. After all, they can be considered as the most "genuine" Severan ideas. The most important ones seem to be details highlighting the rulers' family roles, and those were most likely related to the campaign for moral reforms and the promotion of family values. The inclusion of Julia Domna as the leader of the Roman mothers is perhaps one the most striking family themes in the ludi saeculares. The second-day celebrations, in particular, emphasize the relationship of the imperial couple. Moreover, Septimius Severus as a "father-figure" can be traced both from the traditional role he played in the celebration of the ludi saeculares and from the novelties in the inscription of AD 204. One concept which related to these details is indulgentia, generosity, which seems to be the major concept highlighting the role of Septimius Severus as a ruler in the ludi. Besides the notions of family values and generosity, the third theme rising from the Severan ludi saeculares is universalism. The details of the games seem to underline the position of the imperial couple as the one who can control the whole sphere of the empire can be associated to their images as "cosmic figures" presented also on Severan coinage, for example. Moreover, in many places, the inscription indicates their "power to protect". This indicates that the Severan ludi saeculares demonstrated the power of the royal family to those witnessing the celebrations, as well as to those who just saw the record in Campus Martius. The document – as well as the festival – highlighted the royal family, rising above all others in a hierarchy of power. The magnificent occasion which celebrated the birth of the Golden Age, and which encouraged subjects to consider their relationship to the top of the empire in family terms and, accordingly, encouraged the people to base its Roman identity on these principles.